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This project focussed on the relationships between the palaeogeography of the western Mediterranean and speciation in terrestrial groups of animals in the area. Primary study objects were monophyletic groups of Tipulidae (Insecta, Diptera). During the course of the project the phylogenies of five monophyletic groups of Tipulidae were analysed, viz. the Nephrotoma flavescens group, the Tipula (Acutipula) maxima group, the T. (Lunatipula)bullata and falcata group, the subgenus T. (Mediotipula), and the subgenus T. (Savtshenkia). The results of the respective phylogenetic analysis were published in a series of five papers. A historical biogeographic analysis was performed with data based on the phylogenetic analyses of the groups of Tipulidae, supplemented by literature data originating from phylogenetic analyses of the Protonemura corsicana group (Insecta, Plecoptera, Nemouridae), the genus Speonemadus (Insecta, Coleoptera, Cholevidae), and the subgenera Triturus (Palaeotriton) and Triturus (Triturus) (Urodela, Salamandridae). The groups included in the biogeographical analysis contain a total of 123 species and subspecies. Based on the distributions of 74 endemic species and subspecies, 13 areas of endemism in the Mediterranean are recognized. Five methods for cladistic biogeographic purposes were employed, viz., Brooks Parsimony Analysis, Component Compatibility Analysis, Component Analysis, Three-Area Statements analysis, and Paralogy-free Subtree Analysis. General area cladograms produced by computer implementations of the five methods show low levels of congruence. Area cladograms based on geological data are fully compatible with some of the results of Brooks Parsimony Analysis only.
Literature: Jong, H. de, 1993. The phylogeny of the Nephrotoma flavescens species group (Diptera: Tipulidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 136: 235-256. Jong, H. de, 1994a. The phylogeny of the Tipula (Acutipula) maxima species group, with notes on its distribution (Diptera: Tipulidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 24: 433-457. Jong, H. de, 1994b. The phylogeny of the subgenus Tipula (Savtshenkia) (Diptera, Tipulidae), with special reference to the western Mediterranean fauna. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 137: 271-323. Jong, H. de, 1995a. The phylogeny of theTipula (Lunatipula) bullata and falcata species groups (Diptera, Tipulidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 138: 245-267. Jong, H. de, 1995b. The phylogeny of the subgenus Tipula (Mediotipula) (Diptera, Tipulidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 138: 269-282. Jong, H. de, 1998. In search of historical biogeographic patterns in the western Mediterranean terrestrial fauna. Biological journal of the Linnean Society (in press).
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