hnd = handheld
dsk = desk top
sci = scientific functions (sin cos log exp etc.)
bar = basic arithmetic functions (+ - / *)
led = Light Emitting Diode display
lcd = Liquid Crystal display
vfd = vacuum fluorescent display
nix = Nixie tube display
prg = programmable
gra = graphics display
crd = magnetic program cards
sss = Solid State Software plug-in modules
pri = equipped with printer
cas = cassette tape storage
crt = CRT display
1948 IBM 604 Card-Programmed Electronic Calculator
1964 Friden 132 Electronic Calculator
1965 Olivetti Programma 101 programmable calculator
1965 Wang 300 punched-card programmable, multi-user calculator system
1969 Sharp Compet ELSI-8M calculator, bar/vfd
1971 Olivetti Logos 250 desktop calculator
1972 Olympia ICR 412, dsk/bar(24 decimals)/nix
1972 IME 86S dsk/bar+sqrt(16 decimals)/nix/remote ctrl
1972 Wang 600, 700, 720B programmable calculators
1972? TECO 8000 calculator, bar/vfd
1974 Olivetti Logos 55 desktop calculator
1975? Toshiba BC-1215 dsk/bar(12 decimals), 12-pos fluorescent display
1975 Monroe 1920 desktop calculator
1975 Remington 803-B desktop calculator
1979 Elektronika B3-37 scientific pocket calculator (USSR)
1989 Elektronika MK59 desktop calculator (USSR). See also this inside look
1968 HP9100A, prg/dsk/crt 1969 HP9100B, prg/dsk/crt, with 9150A monitor scope and 9160A optical card reader 1971 HP9810A, prg/dsk/led/pri 1972 HP9830A, prg (BASIC)/dsk/led/pri 1972 HP35, sci/hnd/led 1974 HP65, sci/hnd/led/prg/crd 1975 HP25, sci/hnd/led 1976 HP67, sci/hnd/led/prg/crd 1976 HP97, dsk version of HP67, pri 1978 HP34C, sci(integrate, solve)/hnd/led/prg 1978 HP9845 (System-45) A,B,C, desktop computers 1979 HP9835A, prg (BASIC)/dsk/gra/crt/pri/sss 1979 HP85, HP86, HP87, prg (BASIC) dsk/gra/crt
1974 SR-50, sci/hnd/led 1975 SR-56, sci/hnd/prg/led 1975 Programmer, n-base calculations; hnd/led 1977 Programmable 58C attached to PC-100C printer unit 1977 Programmable 59, sci/hnd/prg/led/crd/sss
1910 Thales Rechenmaschine Modell A (top illustration) 1910 Unitas Arithmometer 1920 Brunsviga Nova 13 mechanical calculator 1935 Produx 'slide adder' pocket calculator 1937 MADAS e.m. calculator 1948 Bell Punch Plus adding machine 1949 Friden STW-10 e.m. calculator 1949 Friden DW-8 e.m. calculator 1950 Japanese 'slide adder' pocket calculator 1950 Facit calculator 1950 Brunsviga 13 RK calculator with register transfer mechanism 1951 Original Odhner calculator 1955 Resulta B7 adding machine 1956 Facit CA1-13 e.m. calculator, Dutch manual 1956 Facit C1-19 e.m. calculator 1956 Olivetti Tetractys e.m. calculator 1960 Monroe 8N-213 e.m. calculator with manual (1 Mbyte pdf) 1960 Monroe CSA e.m. calculator 1960 Multo calculator 1961 Contex 10 mechanical calculator 1965 Contex 30 electromechanical calculator, backside manual
1907 A.L. Creller: Rechentafeln. (reprint 1938) 1920 C. Bruhns: Logarithmisch-trigonometrisches Handbuch 1931 Atlas circular slide rule radius 10 cm, Gilson (USA) 1950 Multi-Divi tables for fast computing (Wilken Wilkenson method) 1953 Circular slide rule for military purposes, radius 6 cm, Alro (Holland) 1955 Sun bamboo slide rule, 27 cm 1960 Aristo Scholar slide rule, 175 cm for classroom instruction 1965 Aristo plastic slide rule, 28 cm 1965 Otis King Model K cylindrical slide rule, effective length 167 cm 1975 Castell plastic slide rule, 15 cm
The complex mechanism of a relatively simple, hand-cranked Monroe calculator
