dongle
dongle: /dong'gl/ n. 1. A security or copy protection device
for proprietary software consisting of a serialized EPROM and some
drivers in a D-25 connector shell, which must be connected to an I/O
port of the computer while the program is run. Programs that use a
dongle query the port at startup and at programmed intervals
thereafter, and terminate if it does not respond with the dongle's
programmed validation code. Thus, users can make as many copies of
the program as they want but must pay for each dongle. The idea was
clever, but it was initially a failure, as users disliked tying up a
serial port this way. Almost all dongles on the market today (1993)
will pass data through the port and monitor for magic codes (and
combinations of status lines) with minimal if any interference with
devices further down the line -- this innovation was necessary to
allow daisy-chained dongles for multiple pieces of software. The
devices are still not widely used, as the industry has moved away
from copy-protection schemes in general. 2. By extension, any
physical electronic key or transferable ID required for a program to
function. Common variations on this theme have used parallel or
even joystick ports. See dongle-disk.
[Note: in early 1992, advertising copy from Rainbow Technologies (a
manufacturer of dongles) included a claim that the word derived
from "Don Gall", allegedly the inventor of the device. The
company's receptionist will cheerfully tell you that the story is a
myth invented for the ad copy. Nevertheless, I expect it to haunt
my life as a lexicographer for at least the next ten years. :-(
--ESR]
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