This is a file in the archives of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. |
Proof.
() By Lemma 2.12, ( )
is common knowledge at
, so E is common knowledge at by Proposition 2.4.
() We must show that K *N ( E ) implies that ( ) E. Suppose that there exists ( ) such that E. Since ( ), is reachable from , so there exists a sequence 0, 1, . . . , m - 1 with associated states 1, 2, . . . , m and information sets i k( k ) such that 0 = , m = , and k i k( k + 1). But at information set i k( m ), agent i k does not know event E. Working backwards on k, we see that event E cannot be common knowledge, that is, agent i 1 cannot rule out the possibility that agent i 2 thinks that . . . that agent i m - 1 thinks that agent i m does not know E.
Peter Vanderschraaf peterv@cyrus.andrew.cmu.edu |