Annotated Bibliography on Analysis
§2: Ancient Conceptions of Analysis

This bibliography is intended as a reference guide to the key works that deal, in whole or in part, with analysis and related topics such as analyticity and definition. Cross-references are by name(s) of author(s) or editor(s) and either year of publication or abbreviation as indicated immediately after their name(s). Notes in square brackets at the end of an entry indicate the relevant part(s) of the work and/or its significance to the topic of analysis. Key passages can be found quoted in the supplementary document on Definitions and Descriptions of Analysis, linked from the relevant entry and note by means of ‘{Quotation(s)}’. In some cases where there is material available online, an internet address is also given after the entry.

This section of the bibliography corresponds to Section 2 of the main entry, and is divided into subsections which correspond to the subsections of the supplementary document on Ancient Conceptions of Analysis. Where works include important material under more than one heading, they are cited under each heading; but duplication has been kept to a minimum. Cross-references to other (sub)sections are provided in curly brackets.

• 2.1 General
• 2.2 Ancient Greek Geometrical Analysis
• 2.3 Plato
• 2.4 Aristotle

Annotated Bibliography on Analysis: Full List of Sections

2.1 General

• Algra, K., Barnes, J., Mansfeld, J., and Schofield, M., (eds.), 1999, Hellenistic Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [includes Barnes, Bobzien and Mignucci 1999]
• Barnes, Jonathan, 1990, The Toils of Scepticism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [ch. 4: ‘Hypotheses’]
• ––– 1991, ‘Galen on Logic and Therapy’, in Durling and Kudlien 1991, 50-102
• Barnes, J., Bobzien, S. and Mignucci, M., 1999, ‘Logic’, in Algra et al. 1999, 77-176 [137-48: analysis in Stoic logic]
• Bobzien, Susanne, 1996, ‘Stoic Syllogistic’, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 14, 133-92
• Bowen, Alan C., (ed.), 1991, Science and Philosophy in Classical Greece, London and New York: Garland [includes Mueller 1991]
• Durling, R. and Kudlien, F., (eds.), 1991, Galen's Method of Healing, Leiden [includes Barnes 1991]
• Frede, Michael, 1974, ‘Stoic vs. Aristotelian Syllogistic’, in Frede 1987, 99-124; orig. publ. 1974 {§2.4}
• ––– 1982, ‘The Method of the So-Called Methodical School of Medicine’, in Frede 1987, 261-78; orig. publ. 1982
• ––– 1987, Essays in Ancient Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press [includes Frede 1974, 1982, 1987a]
• ––– 1987a, ‘On Galen's Epistemology’, in Frede 1987, 279-98 [288-97: Galen's methodology]
• Frede, Michael and Striker, Gisela, (eds.), 1996, Rationality in Greek Thought, Oxford: Oxford University Press [includes Lloyd 1996, Striker 1996 {§2.4}]
• Galen, TM, On the Therapeutic Method, first two books tr. in Hankinson 1991
• _____, SW, Selected Works, tr. with an introd. and notes by P.N. Singer, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997 [xiv-xvii: scientific methodology; 127-49 (Errors of the Soul): method of proof]
• ––– AC, On Antecedent Causes, ed. R.J. Hankinson, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998
• Gentzler, Jyl, (ed.), 1998, Method in Ancient Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press [includes Irwin 1998 {§2.3}, Lloyd 1998 {§2.2}, Reeve 1998 {§2.4}, Striker 1998 {§2.4}] {§1.2}
• Guthrie, W.K.C., HGP, A History of Greek Philosophy, 8 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1962- {§2.3, §2.4}
• Hankinson, R.J., 1991, Galen on the Therapeutic Method, Oxford: Oxford University Press [inc. tr. of first two books of Galen TM]
• ––– 1998, Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek Thought, Oxford: Oxford University Press
• Lloyd, G.E.R., 1979, Magic, Reason and Experience, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [ch. 2: dialectic and demonstration]
• ––– 1996, ‘Theories and Practices of Demonstration in Galen’, in Frede and Striker 1996, 255-77
• Long, A.A. and Sedley, D.N., 1987, The Hellenistic Philosophers, 2 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Vol. 1: Translations of the principal sources, with philosophical commentary; Vol. 2: Greek and Latin texts with notes and bibliography [Epicureanism: §18 scientific methodology; Stoicism: §31 dialectic and rhetoric; §32 definition and division; §33 sayables (lekta); §42 scientific methodology; The Academics: §68 methodology]
• Mueller, Ian, 1991, ‘On the Notion of a Mathematical Starting Point in Plato, Aristotle, and Euclid’, in Bowen 1991, 59-97
• Oeing-Hanhoff, L., 1971, ‘Analyse/Synthese’, in Ritter 1971, columns 232-48 {§1.1}

2.2 Ancient Greek Geometry

• Behboud, M., 1994, ‘Greek Geometrical Analysis’, Centaurus 37, 52-86
• Cohen, R.S. et al., (eds.), 1976, Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos, Dordrecht: D. Reidel [includes Hintikka and Remes 1976]
• Corcoran, John, (ed.), 1974, Ancient Logic and its Modern Interpretations, Dordrecht: D. Reidel [includes Mueller 1974]
• Cuomo, Serafina, 2000, Pappus of Alexandria and the Mathematics of Late Antiquity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [§5.1: theorems and problems]
• Euclid, E, The Thirteen Books of The Elements, 3 vols., 2nd ed., tr. T.H. Heath, New York: Dover, 1956, orig. publ. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1925 [I, 136-42: Heath's account of analysis and synthesis (cf. Heath 1925 below); III, 442-3: interpolated account of analysis and synthesis in Book XIII, Prop. 1 {Quotation}]
• Gulley, Norman, 1958, ‘Greek Geometrical Analysis’, Phronesis 3, 1-14
• Hankel, Hermann, 1874, Zur Geschichte der Mathematik in Alterthum und Mittelalter, Leipzig: B.G. Teubner [137-50: transformation and resolution in analysis]
• Harari, Orna, 2006, ‘Methexis and Geometrical Reasoning in Proclus' Commentary on Euclid's Elements’, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 30 (Summer 2006)
• Heath, Thomas L., 1921, A History of Greek Mathematics, 2 vols., New York: Dover, 1981, orig. publ. Oxford: Oxford University Press [I, ch. 9: Plato {§2.3}; 371-2, 421-2: analysis]
• ––– 1925, ‘Introduction’ to Euclid, E, Vol. I, 1-151 [ch. 9: methodology, esp. 136-42: analysis and synthesis]
• Hintikka, Jaakko and Remes, Unto, 1974, The Method of Analysis, Dordrecht: D. Reidel {§1.2}
• ––– 1976, ‘Ancient Geometrical Analysis and Modern Logic’, in Cohen et al. 1976
• Klein, Jacob, 1968, Greek Mathematical Thought and the Origin of Algebra, tr. Eva Brann, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; repr. New York: Dover, 1981; orig. publ. in German 1934, 1936 [154-71, 179-85: Vieta and ancient analysis] {§4.2}
• Knorr, Wilbur Richard, 1993, The Ancient Tradition of Geometrical Problems, New York: Dover [9, 66-76, 95, 354-60]
• Lachterman, David Rapport, 1989, The Ethics of Geometry, London: Routledge [ch. 2: ‘The Euclidean Context’]
• Lakatos, Imre, 1978, Mathematics, Science and Epistemology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
• ––– 1978a, ‘The Method of Analysis-Synthesis’, in Lakatos 1978, 70-103 [Pappus and Descartes; response to Hintikka and Remes 1974 {Quotation}] {§4.2}
• Lloyd, G.E.R., 1998, ‘Techniques and Dialectic: Method in Greek and Chinese Mathematics and Medicine’, in Gentzler 1998, 351-76 {§2.1}
• Mäenpää, Petri, 1997, ‘From Backward Reduction to Configurational Analysis’, in Otte and Panza 1997, 201-26 {§1.2}
• Mahoney, M.S., 1968, ‘Another Look at Greek Geometrical Analysis’, Archive for History of Exact Sciences 5 (1968-9), 319-48
• Marchi, Peggy, 1980, ‘The Method of Analysis in Mathematics’, in Nickles 1980, 159-72 [Pythagorean vs. Euclidean approaches regarding the choice of knowns]
• Morrow, Glenn R., 1970, ‘Introduction’ to Proclus CEE [xxxvi ff.: analysis]
• Mueller, Ian, 1974, ‘Greek Mathematics and Greek Logic’, in Corcoran 1974, 35-70
• ––– 1981, Philosophy of Mathematics and Deductive Structure in Euclid's Elements, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press
• Netz, Reviel, 2000, ‘Why did Greek Mathematicians Publish their Analyses?’, in Suppes et al. 2000, 139-57
• Nickles, Thomas, (ed.), 1980, Scientific Discovery, Logic, and Rationality, Dordrecht: D. Reidel [includes Marchi 1980] {§4.1}
• Pappus of Alexandria, PAC, Pappi Alexandrini Collectionis quae supersunt, 3 vols., ed. F. Hultsch, Berlin: F. Weidmann, 1875-8 [634-6: analysis and synthesis {Quotation}; tr. in Hintikka and Remes 1974, 8-10; Heath 1925, 138-9; Thomas 1941, 597-601]
• Pólya, George, 1957, How to Solve It, 2nd ed., London: Penguin, 1990, 1st ed. 1945 [141-8: Pappus {Quotation}]
• Proclus, CEE, A Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements, tr. with introd. and notes by Glenn R. Morrow, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970 [54-5, 165-6, 189, 192: analysis; 7, 46, 57, 198-9: analysis vs. synthesis {Quotations}]
• Rehder, W., 1982, ‘Die Analysis und Synthesis bei Pappus’, Philosophia Naturalis 19, 350-70 [offers translation of the Pappus text using a 1589 Latin tr. by F. Commandinus]
• Robinson, Richard, 1936, ‘Analysis in Greek Geometry’, Mind 45, 464-73; repr. in Robinson 1969, 1-15
• ––– 1969, Essays in Greek Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press
• Saito, K., 1986, ‘Compounded Ratio in Euclid and Apollonius’, Historia Scientiarum 31, 25-59
• Schmitz, Markus, 1997, Euklids Geometrie und ihre mathematiktheoretische Grundlegung in der neuplatonischen Philosophie des Proklos, Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann [108-26, 277-307: method of analysis]
• Suppes, P., Moravcsik, J. and Mendell, H., (eds.), 2000, Ancient and Medieval Traditions in the Exact Sciences: Essays in Memory of Wilbur Knorr, Stanford, California: CSLI Publications [includes Netz 2000]
• Szabó, Árpád, 1969, Die Anfänge der griechischen Mathematik, Munich/Vienna: R. Oldenbourg, tr. by A.M. Ungar as The Beginnings of Greek Mathematics, Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1978
• ––– 1974, ‘Working Backwards and Proving by Synthesis’, App. I to Hintikka and Remes 1974, 118-30
• ––– 1975, ‘Analysis und Synthesis’, Acta Classica Universitatis Scientiarum Debreceniensis 10/11 (1974-5), 155-64 [Pappus on analysis]
• Tannery, Paul, 1915, ‘Du sens des mots analyse et synthèse chez les Grecs et de leur algèbre géométrique’, in Mémoires Scientifiques, Vol. III, Paris, 162-9
• Thomas, Ivor, (ed.), 1941, Greek Mathematical Works, Vol. II, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard and London: Heinemann [597-601: tr. of Pappus' account of analysis]

2.3 Plato

• Ackrill, J.L., 1970, ‘In Defence of Platonic Division’, in Ackrill 1997, 93-109; orig. publ. in 1970
• ––– 1973, ‘Anamnesis in the Phaedo: Remarks on 73c-75c’, in Ackrill 1997, 13-32; orig. publ. in 1973
• ––– 1997, Essays on Plato and Aristotle, Oxford: Oxford University Press {§2.4}
• Annas, Julia, 1981, An Introduction to Plato's Republic, Oxford: Oxford University Press [chs. 8-11]
• Bailey, D.T.J., 2006, ‘Plato and Aristotle on the Unhypothetical’, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 30 (Summer 2006) {§2.4}
• Benson, Hugh H., 1990a, ‘The Priority of Definition and the Socratic Elenchus’, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 8 (1990), 19-65 [fn.2 contains useful bib.]
• ––– 1990b, ‘Misunderstanding the “What-is-F-ness” Question’, in Benson 1992, 123-36; orig. in Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 72, 125-42
• ––– (ed.), 1992, Essays on the Philosophy of Socrates, Oxford and New York [includes Benson 1990b, Beversluis 1987]
• ––– 1995, ‘The Dissolution of the Problem of the Elenchos’, in Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 13
• ––– 2000, Socratic Wisdom: The Model of Knowledge in Plato's Early Dialogues, Oxford: Oxford University Press
• ––– 2003, ‘The Method of Hypothesis in the Meno’, Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium in Ancient Philosophy 18, 95-126
• ––– 2005, ‘Plato' Rationalistic Method’, in Alan Nelson, (ed.), A Companion to Rationalism, Oxford: Blackwell, 85-99
• Beversluis, J., 1974, ‘Socratic Definition’, Amer. Phil. Quar. 11, 331-6
• ––– 1987, ‘Does Socrates Commit the Socratic Fallacy?’, in Benson 1992, 107-22; orig. in Amer. Phil. Quar. 24 (1987), 211-23
• Bluck, R.S., (ed.), 1961, Plato's Meno, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [‘Introduction’, §D: ‘The Hypothetical Method’; App.: ‘The Geometrical Problem at 86e sq.’]
• Bostock, David, 1974, Plato's Theaetetus, Oxford: Oxford University Press [ch. 6: ‘True Belief with an Account’]
• ––– 1986, Plato's Phaedo, Oxford: Oxford University Press [ch. 8: ‘The Method of Hypothesis’]
• Brickhouse, Thomas C. and Smith, Nicholas D., 1984a, ‘The Paradox of Socratic Ignorance in the Apology’, Hist. of Phil. Quar., 1984, 125-31
• ––– 1984b, ‘Vlastos on the Elenchus’, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 2, 185-95 [reply to Vlastos 1983]
• ––– 1991, ‘Socrates' Elenctic Mission’, in Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 9, 131-59
• Brown, Malcolm, 1967, ‘Plato Disapproves of the Slave-Boy's Answer’, in Brown 1971, 198-242; orig. in Review of Metaphysics 20, 57-93
• ––– (ed.), 1971, Plato's Meno with Essays, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co. [includes Brown 1967, Cornford 1971]
• Burnyeat, Myles, 1977, ‘Examples in Epistemology: Socrates, Theaetetus and G.E. Moore’, Philosophy 52, 381-98
• ––– 1990, The Theaetetus of Plato, Indianapolis: Hackett [Introd., Part III: ‘Knowledge is true judgement with an account’]
• Canto Sperber, M., (ed.), 1991, Les Paradoxes de la Connaissance: Essais sur le Ménon de Platon, Paris: Odile Jacob
• Cherniss, Harold, 1951, ‘Plato as Mathematician’, Review of Metaphysics 4, 395-425
• Cornford, F.M., 1932, ‘Mathematics and Dialectic in the Republic VI-VII’ (in 2 parts), Mind 41, 37-52, 173-90
• ––– 1935, Plato's Theory of Knowledge: The Theaetetus and the Sophist of Plato translated with a running commentary, London: Kegan Paul [165-87: the method of collection and division in the Sophist]
• ––– 1971, ‘Anamnesis’, in Brown 1971
• Crombie, I.M., 1976, ‘Socratic Definition’, in Day 1994, 172-207; orig. publ. in Paideia 5, 80-102
• Day, Jane M., (ed.), 1994, Plato's Meno in Focus, London: Routledge [includes Crombie 1976, Moravcsik 1971, Nehamas 1985, Vlastos 1965, N. White 1975]
• ––– 1994a, ‘Introduction’ to Day 1994, 1-34
• Deslauriers, Marguerite, 1990, ‘Plato and Aristotle on Division and Definition’, Ancient Philosophy 10, 203-19 {§2.4}
• Diogenes Laertius, LEP, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, 2 vols., tr. R.D. Hicks, London: Heinemann and Harvard University Press, 1925 [I, 299: Plato and the method of analysis]
• Ebert, Theodor, 1973, ‘Plato's Theory of Recollection Reconsidered: An Interpretation of Meno 80a-86c’, Man and World 6, 163-81
• ––– 2001, ‘Sokrates über seinen Umgang mit Hypotheseis (Phaidon 100A). Ein Problem und ein Vorschlag zur Lösung’, Hermes 129, 457-73
• Fine, Gail, 1992, ‘Inquiry in the Meno’, in Kraut 1992, 200-26
• ––– (ed.), 1999, Plato 1: Metaphysics and Epistemology, Oxford: Oxford University Press [includes Vlastos 1983, Vlastos 1985, Scott 1999]
• ––– 2004, ‘Knowledge and True Belief in the Meno’, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 27 (Winter 2004)
• Fowler, David, 1999, The Mathematics of Plato's Academy: A New Reconstruction, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1st ed. 1987 [ch. 1: Socrates and the slaveboy]
• Franklin, Lee, 2001, ‘The Structure of Dialectic in the Meno’, Phronesis 46, 413-39
• ––– 2005, ‘Recollection and Philosophical Reflection in Plato's Phaedo’, Phronesis 50, 289-314
• Geach, P.T., 1966, ‘Plato's Euthyphro’, in Geach 1972, 31-44; orig. in Monist 50 (1966), 369-82 [Socratic fallacy]
• ––– 1972, Logic Matters, Oxford: Blackwell
• Gill, Christopher and McCabe, Mary Margaret, (eds.), 1996, Form and Argument in Late Plato, Oxford: Oxford University Press
• Gonzalez, Francisco J., 1998, Dialectic and Dialogue: Plato's Practice of Philosophical Inquiry, Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press
• Gosling, J.C.B., 1973, Plato, London: Routledge [ch. XI: definition]
• Gregory, Andrew, 2000, Plato's Philosophy of Science, London: Duckworth [ch. 3: ‘Meno's Paradox and Underdetermination’]
• Gulley, Norman, 1962, Plato's Theory of Knowledge, London: Methuen [1-47, 108-20: recollection]
• ––– 1968, The Philosophy of Socrates, London: Macmillan [ch. 1: ‘Socratic Method’]
• Guthrie, W.K.C., HGP, IV, A History of Greek Philosophy, Vol. IV, ‘Plato: The Man and his Dialogues: Earlier Period’, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975 [ch. V, 236-65: Meno] {§2.1}
• ––– HGP, V, A History of Greek Philosophy, Vol. V, ‘The Later Plato and the Academy’, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978 [166-75: Politicus, method of division] {§2.1}
• Hare, R.M., 1982, Plato, Oxford: Oxford University Press [ch. 6: definition]
• Harte, Verity, 2002, Plato on Parts and Wholes, Oxford: Oxford University Press
• Heath, Thomas L., 1921, A History of Greek Mathematics, 2 vols., New York: Dover, 1981, orig. publ. Oxford: Oxford University Press [I, ch. 9: Plato] {§2.2}
• Irwin, T.H., 1989, Classical Thought, Oxford: Oxford University Press [86-97: Socratic argument]
• ––– 1995, Plato's Ethics, Oxford: Oxford University Press [ch. 2: ‘Socrates' Method’; ch. 9: ‘Socratic Method and Socratic Ethics: The Meno’; ch. 10: ‘The Theory of Forms’]
• ––– 1998, ‘Common Sense and Socratic Method’, in Gentzler 1998, 29-66 {§2.1}
• Kahn, Charles H., 1996, Plato and the Socratic Dialogue, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [ch. 6: ‘The priority of definition: from Laches to Meno’; ch. 10: ‘The emergence of dialectic’]
• Kraut, Richard, (ed.), 1992, The Cambridge Companion to Plato, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [includes Fine 1992, Mueller 1992, useful bib.]
• Lane, M.S., 1998, Method and Politics in Plato's ‘Statesman’, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [Part I: ‘Method’]
• Lloyd, G.E.R., 1992, ‘The Meno and the Mysteries of Mathematics’, Phronesis 37, 166-83
• Matthews, Gareth B., 1999, Socratic Perplexity and the Nature of Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press [ch. 6: the paradox of inquiry]
• Menn, Stephen, 2002, ‘Plato and the Method of Analysis’, Phronesis 47, 193-223
• Moravcsik, Julius, 1971, ‘Learning as Recollection’, in Day 1994, 112-28; orig. in Vlastos 1971, 53-69
• ––– 1973, (ed.), Patterns in Plato's Thought, Dordrecht: D. Reidel
• ––– 1973a, ‘Plato's Method of Division’, in Moravcsik 1973, 158-80
• Mueller, Ian, 1992, ‘Mathematical Method and Philosophical Truth’, in Kraut 1992, 170-99 [Plato's method: analysis and dialectic]
• Nehamas, Alexander, 1985, ‘Meno's Paradox and Socrates as a Teacher’, in Day 1994, 221-48; orig. in Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 3, 1-30
• Penner, Terry, 1973, ‘The Unity of Virtue’, Phil. Review 82, 35-68
• Plato, Charmides, tr. B. Jowett, in CD, 99-122; also tr. W.R.M. Lamb, in PL, XII [‘What is temperance?’]
• ––– Euthyphro, tr. L. Cooper, in CD, 169-85; also tr. H.N. Fowler, in PL, I [‘What is piety?’; defs. as explaining essence]
• ––– Laches, tr. B. Jowett, in CD, 123-44; also tr. W.R.M. Lamb, in PL, II, 1924 [‘What is courage?’]
• ––– Meno, tr. J.M. Day, in Day 1994, 35-72; also tr. W.K.C. Guthrie, in Protagoras and Meno, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1956, and in CD, 353-84; also tr. W.R.M. Lamb, PL, II, 1924 [86e-87b: method of hypothesis]
• ____ Phaedo, tr. H. Tredennick, in CD, 40-98; also tr. H.N. Fowler, in PL, I [72e-76d: learning as recollection; 100a-101d: method of hypothesis]
• ––– The Republic, tr. D. Lee, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1955, 1974; also tr. P. Shorey, in PL, V and VI, 1930, repr. in CD, 575-844 [506d-518b: the Sun, the Line and the Cave]
• ––– Phaedrus, tr. W. Hamilton, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973; also tr. R. Hackforth, in CD, 475-525; also tr. H.N. Fowler, in PL, I [method of division]
• ––– Theaetetus, tr. John McDowell, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973; also tr. F.M. Cornford, in CD, 845-919; also tr. H.N. Fowler, in PL, VII
• ––– Sophist, tr. F.M. Cornford, in CD, 957-1017; also tr. H.N. Fowler, in PL, VII [method of division]
• ––– Statesman (Politicus), tr. J.B. Skemp, in CD, 1018-85; also tr. H.N. Fowler, in PL, VIII [method of division]
• ––– Philebus, tr. J.C.B. Gosling, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975; also tr. R.A.H. Waterfield, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982; also tr. R. Hackforth, in CD, 1086-1150; also tr. H.N. Fowler, in PL, VIII [method of division]
• ––– PL, Plato, Loeb Classical Library, 12 vols., Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard and London: Heinemann
• ––– CD, The Collected Dialogues, ed. Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns, Princeton University Press, 1961
• Prior, William J., 1998, ‘Plato and the “Socratic Fallacy”’, Phronesis 43, 97-113
• Rabbas, Oyvind, 2004, ‘Definitions and Paradigms: Laches’ First Definition’, Phronesis 49, 143-68
• Robinson, Richard, 1953, Plato's Earlier Dialectic, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1st ed. Cornell University Press, 1941 [Part I: ‘Elenchus’; Part II: ‘Dialectic’]
• ––– 1954, Definition, Oxford: Oxford University Press [Plato as offering real defs.]
• Rosen, Stanley, 1983, Plato's Sophist: The Drama of Original and Image, New Haven: Yale University Press [‘Act One’: ‘Diaeresis’]
• Ryle, Gilbert, 1965a, ‘The Academy and Dialectic’, in Ryle 1971, I, 89-115; orig. publ. 1965
• ––– 1965b, ‘Dialectic in the Academy’, in Ryle 1971, I, 116-25; also in Owen 1968, 69-79 {§2.4}; orig. publ. 1965
• ––– 1966, Plato's Progress, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [ch. IV: ‘Dialectic’]
• ––– 1971, Collected Papers, 2 vols., Vol. 1: Critical Essays, Vol. 2: Collected Essays 1929-1968, London: Hutchinson {§6.8}
• Santas, Gerasimos, 1979, Socrates, London: Routledge [ch. IV: Socratic definitions]
• Sayre, Kenneth M., 1969, Plato's Analytic Method, Chicago: University of Chicago Press [ch. 1: ‘The Method of Hypothesis: Phaedo 100A-101D’; ch. 2: ‘The Theaetetus’; ch. 3: ‘The Sophist’; ch. 4: ‘On Collection and Division’] {§1.2}
• ––– 2006, Metaphysics and Method in Plato's Statesman, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
• Scott, Dominic, 1995, Recollection and Experience: Plato's Theory of Learning and its Successors, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
• ––– 1999, ‘Platonic Recollection’, in Fine 1999, 93-124 [extracted from Scott 1995, 3-80]
• Scott, Gary Alan, 2002, Does Socrates have a Method? Rethinking the Elenchus in Plato's Dialogues and Beyond, Pennsylvania State University Press
• Sedley, David, 2004, The Midwife of Platonism: Text and Subtext in Plato's Theaetetus, Oxford: Oxford University Press [19-27: Socratic definition]
• Sharples, R.W., (ed.), 1985, Plato: Meno, Warminster, Wiltshire: Aris and Phillips [158-63: geometrical example and hypothesis]
• Sharvy, Richard, 1972, ‘Euthyphro 9d-11b: Analysis and Definition in Plato and Others’, Nous 6, 119-37
• Stenzel, Julius, 1940, Plato's Method of Dialectic, tr. D.J. Allan, Oxford: Oxford University Press
• Sternfeld, Robert and Zyskind, Harold, 1977, ‘Plato's Meno: 86E-87A: Geometrical Illustration of The Argument by Hypothesis’, Phronesis 22, 206-11
• Taylor, A.E., 1960, Plato: The Man and his Work, 7th ed., London: Methuen, 1st ed. 1926 [ch. 15: division in the Sophist and Politicus]
• Vlastos, Gregory, 1965, ‘Anamnesis in the Meno’, in Day 1994, 88-111; orig. in Dialogue 4, 143-67
• ––– (ed.), 1971, Plato: A Collection of Critical Essays, Vol. 1: Metaphysics and Epistemology, New York: Doubleday, and London: Macmillan, repr. Notre Dame Press 1978 [includes Moravcsik 1971, Robinson 1953, ch. X]
• ––– 1981, Platonic Studies, 2nd ed., Princeton University Press; 1st ed. 1973
• ––– 1981a, ‘What did Socrates Understand by His “What is F?” Question’, in Vlastos 1981, 410-17 [reply to Penner 1973]
• ––– 1983, ‘The Socratic Elenchus’, in Fine 1999, 36-63; orig. publ. in Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 1 (1983), 27-58; also repr. in Vlastos 1994, ch. 1
• ––– 1985, ‘Socrates' Disavowal of Knowledge’, in Fine 1999, 64-92; orig. publ. in Phil. Quar. 35 (1985), 1-31; also repr. in Vlastos 1994, ch. 2
• ––– 1991, Socrates, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [ch. 4: ‘Elenchus and mathematics’]
• ––– 1994, Socratic Studies, ed. Myles Burnyeat, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [ch. 1: ‘The Socratic elenchus: method is all’ (Vlastos 1983); ch. 2: Vlastos 1985]
• White, Nicholas P., 1975, ‘Inquiry’, in Day 1994, 152-71; orig. in Review of Metaphysics 28 (1974-5), 289-310
• ––– 1976, Plato on Knowledge and Reality, Indianapolis: Hackett [ch. 1: definition; ch. 2: paradox of inquiry; ch. 3: Phaedo; ch. 4: Republic; ch. 5: collection and division]
• Wolfsdorf, David, 2003, ‘Socrates' Pursuit of Definitions’, Phronesis 48, 271-312
• ––– 2004, ‘Socrates' Avowals of Knowledge’, Phronesis 49, 75-142

2.4 Aristotle

• Ackrill, J.L., 1981, ‘Aristotle's Theory of Definition: Some Questions on Post. An. II.8-10’, in Ackrill 1997, 110-30 {§2.3}; orig. in Berti 1981, 359-84
• ––– 1981, Aristotle the Philosopher, Oxford: Oxford University Press [chs. 7-8: ‘starting-points’]
• Alexander of Aphrodisias, On Aristotle ‘Prior Analytics’ 1.1-7, tr. J. Barnes et al., London: Duckworth, 1991 [49-50: explanation of title of Analytics, distinguishing nine senses of ‘analysis’ {Quotation}; 170-1: analysis as reduction to first figure syllogisms]
• Angelelli, Ignacio and Cerezo, María, (eds.), 1996, Studies on the History of Logic, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter [includes Smith 1996]
• Aristotle, C, Categories, and DI, De Interpretatione, tr. J.L. Ackrill, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963, repr. in CW, I, 3-38; also tr. H.P. Cooke, in AL, I, 1938
• ––– PrA, Prior Analytics, tr. R. Smith, Indianapolis: Hackett, 1989; also tr. A.J. Jenkinson, WA, I, 1928, repr. in CW, I, 39-113; also tr. H. Tredennick, in AL, I, 1938 {Quotations}
• ––– PoA, Posterior Analytics, tr. J. Barnes, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993; 1st ed. 1975, repr. in CW, I, 114-66; also tr. H. Tredennick, in AL, II [78a6-13: analysis and inferring {Quotation}]
• ––– T, Topics, tr. W.A. Pickard-Cambridge, in WA, I, 1928, repr. in CW, I, 167-277; also tr. E.S. Forster, in AL, II
• ––– SR, Sophistical Refutations, tr. W.A. Pickard-Cambridge, in WA, I, 1928, repr. in CW, I, 278-314; also tr. E.S. Forster, in AL, III, 1955 [16: geometrical analysis {Quotation}]
• ––– P, Physics, tr. R.P. Hardie and R.K. Gaye, in WA, 1950, repr. in CW, I, 315-446; also tr. P. Wicksteed and F.M. Cornford, in AL, IV-V; Books I and II also tr. William Charlton, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970, 1992 [I, 1: analysis]
• ––– GC, On Generation and Corruption, tr. Harold H. Joachim, in WA, II, 1922, repr. in CW, I, 512-54; also tr. E.S. Forster, in AL, III, 1955 [328a6-328a18: composition vs. combination; 329a24: analysis as decomposition]
• ––– PA, Parts of Animals, tr. W. Ogle, in WA, repr. in CW, I, 994-1086; also tr. A.L. Peck, in AL, XII [I, 2-3: critique of method of division]
• ––– M, Metaphysics, tr. W.D. Ross, in WA, VIII, 1908, 1928, repr. in CW, II, 1552-1728; also tr. H. Tredennick, in AL, XVII-XVIII; Books C, D, and E also tr. C. Kirwan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971; Books Z and H also tr. D. Bostock, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994 [IX, 9: geometrical constructions discovered by actualization; XIII, 4: Socratic def.]
• ––– NE, Nicomachean Ethics, tr. W.D. Ross, 1925, rev. J.L. Ackrill and J.O. Urmson, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980; repr. in CW, II, 1729-1867; also tr. H. Rackham, in AL, XIX [III, 3: geometrical analysis {Quotation}]
• ––– WA, The Works of Aristotle Translated into English, 12 vols., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1912-54
• ––– AL, Aristotle, Loeb Classical Library, 23 vols., Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard and London: Heinemann
• ––– CW, The Complete Works of Aristotle, 2 vols., ed. J. Barnes, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984, revised ed. in 2 vols. of Aristotle, WA
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• ––– 1988, ‘Meno's Paradox and De Re Knowledge in Aristotle's Theory of Demonstration’, Hist. of Phil. Quar. 5, 99-117
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• ––– 1986, Logic, Science and Dialectic, ed. Martha Nussbaum, London: Duckworth
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• ––– 1981, ‘Definitions: Why Necessary and in What Way?’, in Berti 1981, 205-44
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